在文学作品中,夜莺(nightingale)一直是爱与美的象征。英国作家王尔德在其代表作《夜莺与玫瑰》(The Nightingale and the Rose)中描绘的为爱牺牲自己的夜莺形象令无数读者为之动容。
其实,历史上也曾真实存在过一只为人们带来希望与爱的“夜莺”——护理事业的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔(Florence Nightingale)女士。
▍带来希望的“提灯女神”
5月11日,钟南山院士在一条国际护士节的祝福视频中表示:“我从事临床医疗工作60多年来,始终坚信医疗离不开护理。‘三分治疗,七分护理’的说法是千真万确的。”现今,护士和医生一起被称为救死扶伤的“白衣天使”。
然而,在一百多年前,“护士”还是是卑贱、污秽的代名词。说到护理职业,人们首先想到的可能是恶劣的工作环境与粗鄙的言行。人们对这份职业态度的转变,还要归功于南丁格尔。
From the 1860s onwards, Nightingale had introduced trained nurses as a part of Britain's workhouse system. From then on, nurses would be professionally trained instead of receiving little to no training. 从19世纪60年代起,南丁格尔就将训练有素的护士引入英国济贫院体系。与之前几乎没有接受过培训不同,从那时起,护士们将接受专业训练。
❶不走寻常路的“叛逆”少女
出生在意大利富裕人家的南丁格尔是上流社会的千金。她的父亲十分重视她的教育。从十二岁开始,南丁格尔就跟随父亲学习历史、哲学和文学,并熟练掌握了法语、德语、意大利语、希腊语与拉丁文。
On May 12, 1820, Florence Nightingale was born to the wealthy and affluent William Edward and Frances Smith Nightingale. Her father took particular interest in her education, guiding her through history, philosophy, and literature. She was able to read and write French, German, Italian, Greek, and Latin at an early age.
她的父母希望她能像大多数维多利亚时代的女性一样嫁人生子、安稳生活。但年少时的海外游历经历让南丁格尔意识到了英国糟糕的医疗卫生环境,也因此选择了从事护理事业这条不寻常的道路。
❷ 为护理工作正名的改革者
1853年克里米亚战争爆发,战争初期,因为英军的医疗条件恶劣且缺乏护士,战地医院伤病员死亡率很高。同时期,欧洲其他国家的医院内早有被称为“姊妹”(Sisters)的女护士出现。但由于宗教影响和社会成见,英国一直反对医院,特别是战地医院吸收女护士。为了挽救英国士兵的生命,南丁格尔冲破偏见,毅然率领38名护士姐妹,来到战地医院。
在克里米亚战争中,南丁格尔充分显示了她的才能。当时英国战地医院拥挤不堪,伤病员无衣无药,饮食糟糕。为了改变这种状况,南丁格尔首先建立护士巡视制度,她以身作则,夜晚提灯巡查病房,因此被誉为“提灯女神”(The Lady with the Lamp)。
The nickname "The Lady with the Lamp" started during the Crimean war. Every night, Nightingale would make rounds through the hospitals to check on the men with a small lamp in her hands.
除了投身于护理事业,南丁格尔还将目光投向了护理教育。她认为,护理不仅仅是一门科学,也是照顾生命的艺术。
❸ 美与理性:统计专家
南丁格尔玫瑰图
同王尔德笔下的夜莺一样,南丁格尔也有属于她的“爱的玫瑰”。她有一个鲜为后世所知的身份——应用统计学家。她发明的南丁格尔玫瑰图(Nightingale Rose Diagram)用数据可视化的方式说服了政府官员进行医疗援助,挽救了许多英国伤员的生命。
The gram showed that epidemic disease could be controlled by a variety of factors including nutrition, ventilation, and shelter. This graphic, which Nightingale used as a way to explain complex statistics simply, clearly, and persuasively, has become known as Nightingale's "Rose Diagram." 图表表明,流行病可以由多种因素控制,包括营养、通风和住所。南丁格尔用这张图简单清晰、令人信服地解释了复杂的统计数据,这张图被称为南丁格尔的“玫瑰图”。
▍活跃在抗疫一线的“南丁格尔”
如今,“南丁格尔”已然成为了燃烧自己、照亮他人的护士精神的代名词。5月12日的国际护士节,也正是选在南丁格尔生日这一天。
Nurses account for more than half of all the world’s health workers. Historically, as well as today, nurses are at the forefront of fighting epidemics and pandemics — providing high quality and respectful treatment and care. 护士占世界卫生工作者总数的一半以上。而无论过去还是现在,他们都站在抗击流行病和疫情的最前线,为患者提供高质量的护理。
新冠疫情当前,在我国抗疫的前线,也活跃着千千万万的“南丁格尔”。他们用自己的生命守护着人民的生命,也为疫情中的人们送去了一盏明灯。
“压痕护士”刘丽
The Covid-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the vital role nurses play. They are safeguarding the lives of thousands of people on the front line of the fight against the novel coronavirus with their own lives. They have deep dents in their skin due to the tightly fastened masks, but in fact, the covering couldn't hide their beauty. Without nurses and other health workers, we will not win the battle against outbreaks.
人们印象中还需要父母呵护的00后们也已走上工作岗位,身披白色铠甲。
在援沪医疗队的护士队伍里, 有很多刚走出校门步入社会的“00后”,他们 不怕苦、不畏难, 用臂膀扛起如山的责任, 展现出青春激昂的风采。
今天是国际护士节,向所有守护生命的护士们致敬,节日快乐!
编辑:朱迪齐
实习生:房晓玥 张玺
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