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1、 一、翻译的基本技巧翻译的基本技巧1. 词性转换法词性转换法一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐外表和谈吐都像都像个美国人。个美国人。A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 证券法要求公司给所有持股人证券法要求公司给所有持股人既合理又平等的待既合理又平等的待遇遇。Securities laws require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally.2. 增减重复法增减重复法她比皇
2、家成员更有皇家她比皇家成员更有皇家气质气质。 She was more royal than the royals.你必须九点前回来，你必须九点前回来，没有什么可商量的余没有什么可商量的余地地。You must come back before nine. Period! 他本不应该占她的便宜。他本不应该占她的便宜。He shouldnt have taken advantage of her sexually.他们的关系已经闹得他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨满城风雨，人人皆知人人皆知了。了。There had been too much publicity about their relatio
3、nship. 3. 反面着笔法反面着笔法然而争取男女平行的过程仍然是然而争取男女平行的过程仍然是一项未竟之业一项未竟之业。Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing one. 由于对硅谷房价出奇的高早有所闻，所以看到房子由于对硅谷房价出奇的高早有所闻，所以看到房子还还过得去过得去，真出乎我意料。，真出乎我意料。 With Silicon Valleys notorious housing prices in mind, I expected to see a much worse house. 4. 分合移位
4、法分合移位法越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从虽然从数量上说，他们仍是少数数量上说，他们仍是少数。 And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.若以过去的增长率来预测未来，会显得若以过去的增长率来预测未来，会显得考虑欠周考虑欠周，因，因为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实际增长。为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实际增长。 A nave projection of their past growth rates into the future was likely to greatly ove
5、rstate their real prospects.就职典礼那天就职典礼那天天气晴朗天气晴朗，寒风凛冽寒风凛冽。The Inauguration took place on a bright, cold, and windy day. 谢谢您的谢谢您的忠告忠告.Thank you for your advice and counsel. 什么地方发生过盗案或者凶杀案，什么地方有鬼魂出什么地方发生过盗案或者凶杀案，什么地方有鬼魂出现过，现过，我都知道我都知道。 I knew every spot where a murder or robbery had been committed or
6、a ghost seen. 二、汉英段落翻译实践二、汉英段落翻译实践1. 词义的理解词义的理解为促进统一，就要有个适当的方式。为促进统一，就要有个适当的方式。To promote the reunification of the motherland, we must find a proper means.当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战。当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战。Only a few countries can afford to fight a world war.2. 词义的表达词义的表达汉语中的汉语中的“水平水平”，英语根据不同搭配用不同的，英语根据不同搭配用不同的词
7、：词：提高生活水平提高生活水平upgrade the living standard提高会话水平提高会话水平 improve ones conversational ability提高领导水平提高领导水平 improve the art of leadership提高文化水平提高文化水平 raise the intellectual level (of people)提高英语水平提高英语水平 to improve English清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76位路人。位路人。A group of teenage reporters from the midd
8、le school to Qinghua University took a poll on the street on 76 passersby.3. 添加主语添加主语读书可以增长知识。读书可以增长知识。Through reading one can acquire knowledge. 得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing. 4. 信息主语信息主语报告的其他部分没有提到这一点。报告的其他部分没有提到这
10、语连贯主语五十年代初期，美国企图征服朝鲜，但是中朝军民共五十年代初期，美国企图征服朝鲜，但是中朝军民共同努力，最后打败了他们。同努力，最后打败了他们。In the early 1950s, the U.S tried to conquer Korea, but finally were defeated by the joint efforts of the army and people of Korea and China.8. 断句与合句断句与合句世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上说，都是世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有因为经济上不去，没有饭
11、吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。Basically, the root cause for social unrest in some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy. Consequently they lack food, clothing and shelter, and their wage increases are offset by inflation. With a
12、 decline in living standards, widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardships.这五年，首先农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作这五年，首先农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。异军突起。During those five years, rural reform brought about many changes: a great increase in crop producti
13、on and in farmers income as well as the rise of rural enterprises as a new force.9. 理关系分主次理关系分主次相当多的国有企业生产经营困难，下岗和失业人相当多的国有企业生产经营困难，下岗和失业人员增多，就业压力加大。员增多，就业压力加大。Quite a number of State-owned enterprises are experiencing difficulties in production and management, causing an increase in unemployment an
14、d consequent pressures in employment.10. 突出信息重心突出信息重心经过多年的努力，我们国家已能用仅占世界百分经过多年的努力，我们国家已能用仅占世界百分之七的耕地，养活了占世界百分之二十二的人口，之七的耕地，养活了占世界百分之二十二的人口，使十一亿人民基本解决了温饱问题。使十一亿人民基本解决了温饱问题。Now it has solved the problem of food and clothing to a point where it has managed to feed its 1.1 billion people, 22 percent of
15、the worlds total population, with only 7 percent of the worlds cultivated land.11. 句子的调整句子的调整贪污腐化，奢侈浪费等现象仍在蔓延滋长。贪污腐化，奢侈浪费等现象仍在蔓延滋长。Corruption, extravagance and waste are still growing and spreading.12. 语义性添词语义性添词发展才是硬道理。发展才是硬道理。Economic growth is most important.我们确定搞两个开放：一是对内开放，一个是对外我们确定搞两个开放：一是对内开放
16、，一个是对外开放。开放。We have decided on an open policy in two respects: namely to open both within the nation and to the world.13. 连贯性添词连贯性添词他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论，从不把权威看作是真理的唯一基础。他发论，从不把权威看作是真理的唯一基础。他发现前人研究的地理记载中有许多不可靠的地方。现前人研究的地理记载中有许多不可靠的地方。He never blindly accepted the conclusions give
17、n by books, nor did he treat authority as the sole basis for truth. As a result, he found many inaccuracies in the notes on geography written by his predecessors.14. 表达性添词表达性添词中国的影响，中国的成就，在世界上到处中国的影响，中国的成就，在世界上到处可见。可见。The signs of Chinas influence and success abound in the world.最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。最近几年
18、，考托福的人大大减少了。In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased.15. 句内重复信息省略句内重复信息省略海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.他虽然带着五七分酒意，却装做十分醉的，前他虽然带着五七分酒意，却装做十分醉的，前颠后仰，东倒西歪。颠后仰，东倒西歪。He was not really drunk,
19、 but pretended he was intoxicated and staggered along.16. 词内重复信息省略词内重复信息省略由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。事业受挫。They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.这份杂志内容有趣，文字浅显，立即畅销全国。这份杂志内容有趣，文字浅显，立即畅销全国。The magazine has gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as
20、 it is interesting and easy.17. 代词性替代代词性替代这个代价还不只是环境上的。代价还有社会风这个代价还不只是环境上的。代价还有社会风气的变坏。气的变坏。The cost is not only environmental, it is also more serious in terms of the decline in public morals.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。并且藐视别人的失败。He hated failure; he had conquered it all his
21、 life, risen above it, and despised it in others.18. 同义词替代同义词替代在科技界，医学界和体育界，同样存在相同的在科技界，医学界和体育界，同样存在相同的情况。情况。这种情况相当糟糕。这种情况相当糟糕。这种情况这种情况一直到九十年代初才有所改变。一直到九十年代初才有所改变。A similar story has been told in science, medicine and sports circles The situation was so grim It didnt change much until the early 1990
22、这项政策能确保发展中国家不断提高生活这项政策能确保发展中国家不断提高生活水平，确保发达国家的经济持续发展。水平，确保发达国家的经济持续发展。The policy will ensure a rising standard of living for the developing countries and sustained economic growth for the developed world.19. 概括词替代概括词替代由十余位中国和美国教师开设硕士水平的各种由十余位中国和美国教师开设硕士水平的各种课程。美国学生由中国教师负责教学，主要研课程。美国学生由中国教师负责教学，主要研究中
23、国问题。用汉语上课。究中国问题。用汉语上课。Under them, up to a dozen faculty members of both nationalities will offer a variety of courses at the masters level. The Americans, studying with Chinese professors, will concentrate on China.这样我就开始准备写这样我就开始准备写“中国的词中国的词”的论文。的论文。其实，童年在家里我喜欢读词读赋，但对于其实，童年在家里我喜欢读词读赋，但对于词，我并没有好好研究过
24、。词，我并没有好好研究过。So I began to prepare my dissertation on Chinese Ci, a subject of which I had never made a thorough study though I liked to read this kind of poetry in my childhood.20. 结构性替代结构性替代说到埃及，人们不可能不想到金字塔，同样，说到埃及，人们不可能不想到金字塔，同样，说到中国，人们也不可能不想到长城。说到中国，人们也不可能不想到长城。One cant speak of Egypt without th
25、inking of the Pyramids, nor of China without the Great Wall.说一个人自私自利，不只是因为他只图自己说一个人自私自利，不只是因为他只图自己的利益，而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。的利益，而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbors.21. 修饰语的处理修饰语的处理学校的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运学校的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。用外语
26、从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。The university aims to train morally, intellectually and physically developed students with a good command of foreign languages and qualified for foreign affairs and cultural exchange with foreign countries.他们在这里修建了一座足以通过重型卡车的桥他们在这里修建了一座足以通过重型卡车的桥梁。梁。They built up there a bridge str
27、ong enough to support heavy lorries.22. 汉语动词的处理汉语动词的处理人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to a be good listener, to be sensitive toward others needs, to take criticism well.这就给几十万在高峰时间乘车上下班的人带来这就给几十万在高峰时间乘车上下班的人带来了很大的不便
28、。了很大的不便。Thus hundreds of thousands of rush hour commuters are greatly affected.他一张饱经风霜的脸上，双眉紧琐，显得心事他一张饱经风霜的脸上，双眉紧琐，显得心事重重。重重。There was a troubled frown on his weather-beaten face.23. 抽象名词的运用抽象名词的运用这部短小精焊的书一问世立即受到人们，特别是这部短小精焊的书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看到书里收集的格言反映了文明社会中对于友谊看到书里收集的格言反映了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。的看法。This short work enjoyed an immediate acceptance, especia
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