翻译英语惯用语不可“想当然”

1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.

误译:一刹那间,副总统篡权的罪恶意图给总统当头一棒。

应译为:一刹那间,总统明白了副总统篡权的罪恶意图。

这里“to hit someone between the eyes”,为”to strike someone (metaphorically speaking)”,喻义为“使人忽然了解,使人猛然明白”。而汉语中“给某人当头一棒”,去无此意。

2. The changes in the education system are a step in the right direction and will improve the teaching in our school.

误译:教育体制改革朝着正确的方向迈进了一步,它将改进我们学校的教学。

应译为:教育体制改革是一个有效的措施,它将改进我们学校的教学。

这里“a step in the right direction”用来比喻”an action which helps to improve a situation”,即“有效步骤或措施。如果是将其直译,就没有反映出”有效“这个表达结果的含义。

3. This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it, the only law is the law of the jungle.

误译:这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方,唯一的原则就是森林法则。

应译为:这是一个危险的充满暴力的城市。在有些地方,唯一的原则就是弱肉强食。

这里“the law of the jungle”引申为”principle for surviving in a violent and dangerous situation, no rules at all”,如译为“森林法则“,则含义不明。”弱肉强食“才是准确、明了地传达了原文所要表达的意义。

4. When my ship comes in, I'll take a trop to Casablanca.

误译:当我的船进港时,我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。

应译为:当我发了财时,我就要到卡萨布兰卡去。

这里“when someone's ship comes in”是个隐喻,指满载贵重货物的船到达港口,

货主从而可获高额利润(往往表达期望)。应译为“当某人变成富翁时或事业发达时”,汉语的“发财”恰好反映了这个含义。

5. They slip out one by one and I was left holding the baby.

误译:他们一个个都跑掉了,剩下我来抱孩子。

应译为:他们一个个都跑掉了,剩下我来干这倒霉的差事。

这里“be left holding the baby”含义为”to find oneself responsible for doing something which someone else has started and left unfinished”,与汉语中 “接下烂摊子”意思一致,“剩下我来干这倒霉的差事”表达了这层含义。

二. 有些英语惯用语在字面上同汉语表达相似,却貌合神离。如果不求甚解,就会出错。

6. Mr. Nixon said, “we two countries have common interests over and above our differences.”

误译:尼克松先生说:“我们两国具有远远高于我们分歧的共同利益。”

应译为:尼克松先生说:“我们两国除了有分歧,也有共同的利益。”

这里“over and above”没有“在……之上”的含义,其用法相当于“besides”.

7. You don't seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance of working on the program, you'd better take your fingers out.

误译:你看来一点也不了解这项计划的重要性,你干脆别再插手了。

应译为:你看来一点也不了解这项计划,你最好现在就动手。

这里“take one's fingers out” 似乎与汉语的“别再插手了”意思一样,其实它是叫人把手从口袋里拿出来,开始干活,因此,它所要表达的意义是“开始干”而不是“停止并退出”。

8. To my joy, my son knows a thing or two about Italian.

误译:使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语也略知一二。

应译为:使我高兴的是,我儿子对意大利语还很精通哩。

“know a thing or two”其实是指“to have practical and useful information gained from experience”,不是“略知一二”,而是“非常熟悉,了如指掌”。

9. His speech was given a warm reception by the crowd.

误译:他的讲话受到了群众的热烈欢迎。

应译为:他的讲话受到群众的热烈反对。

“be given a warm reception”是句反语,含义为“be attacked violently in words”。如将其直译,这句话的意思就弄反了。另一个习语“give somebody a warm time”,用法与此相同。意为“make somebody embarrassed”。

10. When do you hope to start a family?

误译:你希望什么时候成家呢?

应译为:你希望什么时候生第一个孩子呢?

“start a family”不是“成家”,而是“give birth to the first child”。

三.许多英语惯用表达中包含着固定搭配,如不认清这些特殊句型所表达的意义,极易出现误译。

11. It is a good athlete that never loses points.

误译:从不丢分的运动员才是优秀的运动员。

应译为:再好的运动员也会丢分。

这里,“It is a adj.+n. that+否定句”是个习语中常出现的句型,应理解为“even if …+adj.,肯定句”即“再……的,也会……”。而与此结构相似的强调句型中, 一般没有形容词。

12. You are not going to marry her, and that's final.

误译:你不准同她结婚,那就算了。

应译为:你不许同她结婚,就这样完了。

“You are not going to +v.”意思为“禁止你……,不许你……”。

13. The visit can't have left us a deeper impression.

误译:这次访问根本不会给我留下较为深刻的印象。

应译为:这次访问给我们留下的印象最深刻不过了。

“can't+形容词或副词比较级”,其实表达的是最高级的意义。

14. I can't see you quickly enough.

误译:我不可很快见到你。

应译为:我巴不得尽快与你见面。

“cannot+adj./adv.+enough”,意思是“越……越好。而另一个与此相似的句型”can't+adj./adv.+enough”,意思为“非常……十分……” I can't like the English teaching enough.译为“我非常喜欢教英语。”

15. No criticism will be too severe to be gratefully acknowledged.

误译:没有一种批评会是尖锐得使人无法领谢的。

应译为:批评尽管尖锐,我们仍会衷心感谢。

这里“no+too…to”句型不同于一般”no…too”句型,”No…too”部分译为“尽管”,”to(be)”部分译为“也会,也将”。

四. 些英语表达在特定的语境里,尤其在口语中,有特定的含义,翻译这些表达时,应该将其包含的语气译出。

16. They had a good laugh at my expense. How do you like that!

误译:他们大大地把我取笑了一番。你觉得他们做得对吗?

应译为:他们大大地把我取笑了一番。你说气不气人!

这里“How do you like that!”请注意后面的感叹号,极易与How do you like that? Perfect.“你觉得怎么样?棒极了。”中的问好混淆。

17. —"In the face of all this they actually stood up by and did nothing."---"You don't say so!"

误译:“面对这一切,他们竟然袖手旁观,什么都不做。”

“你不要这样说!”

应译为:“面对这一切,他们竟然袖手旁观,什么都不做。”

“竟有这样的事!”

“You don't say so!”用来表示“在所说某事之后,感到非常惊奇”,可译为“竟有这样的事!”或“我没听错吧!”

18. ---"You accepted her offer, didn't you ?"

----"No fear!"

误译:??你接受了她的建议,是吗?

??不用怕,我当然接受了。

应译为:你接受了他的建议,是吗?

不会的。

"No fear!"表示“不会的”,“肯定没有这种可能性。”

19. I'll be blessed if I do it!!

误译:如果我干这种事,我就太有福了!

应译为:如果我干这事,我就没有好下场!

这里be blessed是赌咒的话,"I'll be hanged if…"

20. No, I won't lend you the money, you've had it!

误译:不,我不会把钱借给你的,你已经借过钱了!

应译为:不,我不会把钱借给你了,你别指望了!

“You've had it!”意为“It's no use hoping.”

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